To date, the world has a sharp issue of plagiarism. Plagiarism penetrates into all spheres of our lives, and begins with an educational level.
While studying at higher educational institutions, we can observe the spread of the use of the term "plagiarism" among teachers, which record the fact of its availability in the works.
The problem of plagiarism is becoming more and more relevant every year, because plagiarism is already forming at the market level. Specialized services are being created for the writing of finished works, but in reality only plagiarism. As a consequence, students' pseudoscience. But plagiarism is used not only by students but also by scholars. The problem of academic plagiarism is already forming at the state level, and therefore requires urgent decisions.
Studies show that the problem of plagiarism is only growing. Students do not even suspect that their actions only develop the "market" of plagiarism. After all, the need for offices, for the provision of writing services, is now in the midst of its need. It is the buyers (students) developing the demand for such services, and ignoring the authorities, gives maximum freedom for theft of intellectual property.
Plagiarism develops in many spheres of our lives. Cases of plagiarism already apply to the political arena.
Plagiarism, according to the law, is defined as the disclosure (publication), in whole or in part, of another's work under the name of a person who is not the author of this work.
However, acts of state authorities and local self-government bodies (laws, decrees, decrees, decisions, etc.), as well as their official translations are normative, are not subject to copyright and, accordingly, are not subject to copyright. Consequently, the texts of normative acts, the citation of court decisions and other bodies of state power cannot be considered as plagiarism. Therefore, accusations of such cases in plagiarism are unfounded. Plagiarism may also occur in other areas not covered by copyright, in particular in mathematics and other basic scientific disciplines.
Types of Plagiarism:
- Verbal plagiarism;
- Mosaic plagiarism;
- Inadequate paraphrasing;
- No references to direct quotes;
- Source reference without reference;
- Redeem;
- Creating a mixture of own and borrowed text without proper citation of sources;
- Copying someone else's scientific work or several works and publishing a result under your name;
- Writing of other students;
- Falsification (writing of one or another, for example, statistical indicators with further indication of them as their own work);
- Replication;
- Republication.
In the scientific literature, the authors tried to systematize the types of plagiarism and provide a detailed description of each individual group. So plagiarism can be classified into four main groups:
- Shy - the presentation of information in other words and in a different order.
- Gentleman - masking plagiarism among a lot of other links.
- Critical - The author tries to stand in the eyes of readers above the author.
- Coercion for co-authorship - the plagiarist tries to write himself in the list of collaborators using the method of deception.
In addition, depending on the specifics of scientific activity and the causes of the appearance of plagiarism, the following classes are distinguished:
- Professional - assignment of intellectual, creative and professional achievements of others for professional purposes (increase of authority, earnings, receiving awards, recognition, etc.);
- Educational and scientific - assignment of someone else's intellectual property only in the process of obtaining a degree or educational qualification.
Plagiarism in modern society is spread through a number of reasons:
- lack of methodological culture;
- lack of ethical culture;
- Low level of legal culture.
Many Internet users to steal is not ashamed. The causes of this phenomenon are not only personal, but also social, psychological:
- A constant lack of time, which forces students to resort to a kind of "tricks" that help them to work on time;
- Free access to the Internet (where you can find materials relevant to their topic), the availability of computer equipment and good possession of it;
- The fact that teachers have no physical ability to check all submitted work for their plagiarism.
The manifestations of the problem of plagiarism in practice are quite diverse:
- The spread of plagiarism in scholarly and educational work. (How to deal with plagiarism, if we are taught it on it)
- Plagiarism-functionality - committed by inertia to deepen or accentuate the problem being considered by the author.
An important role in the development of the "industry of plagiarism" is played by the market of educational works, which has the opportunity to buy any work. After all, such sellers are not engaged in scientific activities, but only use existing data, without using links.
Another extremely common manifestation of plagiarism today is the placement of works on the Internet. Formally, site owners popularize non-permafrost works, and in fact - "rob" authors in the ability to monetize their works. They earn a profit by visiting sites and "hovering" in them, as well as by placing ads on them. The phenomenon is rather new and difficult to establish a violation.
Conclusion
Problems of plagiarism are relevant everywhere. Throughout the world, methods are developed and actively used to combat plagiarism. So, in Slovakia in 2010, the Ministry of Education ordered all universities to use the national central repository for theses and dissertations and the national system for plagiarism. In the Czech Republic, 50% of Czech universities received funding from the Ministry of Education to combat plagiarism. In Georgia, a single base for checking scientific works on plagiarism was created. In China, the Ministry of Education requires that all HEIs be equipped with anti-plagiarism programs. Since 2011 in Macedonia, the Education Minister said that at the state level, they will develop their own anti-plagiarism service. And among such many examples here’s a brilliant one: https://pro-papers.com/plagiarism-checker.
To effectively overcome the problem, it is necessary to identify its "strong" parties, such as:
- Widespread distribution;
- Use of a wide range of people (students, scientists);
- Everyone is prone to plagiarism, even motivated and ambitious;
- Current sanctions and controls are not sufficient;
- Misunderstanding of the meaning of "plagiarism";
- Misunderstanding of the seriousness of the crime.
The dissemination of professional ethics and norms can be one of the most effective means of combating plagiarism. The norms and components of academic culture should be promoted among students, and the scientists themselves who are taught at universities should be interested in this.